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Human behavior in the face of new challenges of changing economic reality is of interest not only to Economics, but also to other social Sciences. In this regard, the question of creating a universal human model as a tool for interpreting and predicting behavior remains open. The article analyzes the formation of human model in the economy comparing neoclassical and alternative approaches. The purpose of the work is to identify the possibilities of methodological development of the model not only as a tool for analyzing economic phenomena and processes, but also as an independent object of knowledge. The results of the study show that drawing on the interdisciplinary approach of new institutional Economics, behavioral Economics, and social Sciences, you may perform a more profound study of behavioral assumptions, including an appeal to the motivational component of behavior, which expands the explanatory power of the model. The findings can be used both for promising theoretical and methodological approaches to the analysis of an individual as an economic entity, and for solving practical problems.

This article is devoted to a philosophical view of a consideration of an urgent problem of the relation between mathematics and economics. The authors try to reveal and compare the main characteristics of economic and mathematical thinking, and reflect on the place of mathematics in economic research and education. We aim to formulate recommendations to achieve a methodological balance in the relation between mathematics and economics within economic research. The authors suggest studying mathematics for economists be preceded by a philosophical introduction, which would acquaint students with problems of justification and verification of mathematical knowledge, interaction of economics and mathematics, and also would give an all-philosophical view of features of economic-mathematical thinking. Mathematics is necessary for an economist, but it is only a tool to achieve some especially economic targets. This tool is used for definite purposes which don't exhaust all the volume of the purposes of economic science.